Cluster computing
Clusters of PlayStation 3 consoles are an attractive alternative to high-end systems based on Cell blades. Innovative Computing Laboratory, a group led by
Jack Dongarra, in the Computer Science Department at the University of Tennessee, investigated such an application in depth.
[49] Terrasoft Solutions is selling 8-node and 32-node PS3 clusters with
Yellow Dog Linux pre-installed, an implementation of Dongarra's research.
As reported by Wired Magazine on October 17, 2007, an interesting application of using PlayStation 3 in a cluster configuration was implemented by Astrophysicist Dr. Gaurav Khanna, from the Physics department of University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, who replaced time used on supercomputers with a cluster of eight PlayStation 3s.
[50] Subsequently, the next generation of this machine, now called the
PlayStation 3 Gravity Grid, uses a network of 16 machines, and exploits the Cell processor for the intended application which is binary
black hole coalescence using
perturbation theory.
[51][52] The Cell processor version used by the Playstation 3 has a main CPU and 6 floating-point vector processors, giving the Gravity Grid machine a net of 16 general-purpose processors and 96 vector processors. The machine has a one-time cost of over $9,000 to build and is adequate for black-hole simulations which would otherwise cost $6,000 per run on a conventional supercomputer. The black hole calculations are not memory-intensive and are highly localizable, and so are well-suited to this architecture.
The computational Biochemistry and Biophysics lab at the
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, in
Barcelona, deployed in 2007 a
BOINC system called
PS3GRID[53] for collaborative computing based on the CellMD software, the first one designed specifically for
the Cell processor.
[edit] Distributed computing
With the help of the computing power of over half a million PlayStation 3 consoles, the distributed computing project
Folding@Home has been recognized by
Guinness World Records as the most powerful distributed network in the world. The first record was achieved on September 16, 2007, as the project surpassed one
petaFLOPS, which had never been reached before by a distributed computing network. Additionally, the collective efforts enabled PS3 alone to reach the petaFLOPS mark on September 23, 2007. In comparison, the world's second most powerful supercomputer at the time, IBM's
BlueGene/L, performed at around 478.2 teraFLOPS. This means Folding@Home's computing power is approximately twice BlueGene/L's (although the CPU interconnect in BlueGene/L is more than one million times faster than the mean network speed in
Folding@Home.). In late 2008, A cluster of 200 PlayStation 3 consoles was used to generate a rogue
SSL certificate, effectively cracking its encryption.
[54]